An
Introduction to Taoism
The Tao, or the 'Way', has been one of the principle influences
on Chinese civilization and culture for the last 5,000 years. No aspect of
Chinese life, from the concern for good food, health or satisfying
relationships, to search for moral and spiritual insight, has been untouched by
Taoist thought and practice.
Like with traditional Taoist thought, in order to promote a
better world in which we live in, it is our philosophy that change starts with the individual
and works its way outward toward a new global way of thinking. It is our
desire to educate the youth of today so they can pass on the message to the
youth of tomorrow. As individuals, we are making a difference, but
together, we are changing the world!
To follow the Tao - is to follow one of the world's oldest
spiritual/philosophical traditions, pre-dating the foundation of Christianity by
some four or five hundred years. The Tao encompasses a message of balance
and proportion- you must seek to avoid discord and to achieve harmony by finding
the middle way between any two extremes. Taoists set out to follow the
natural way of Heaven by reconciling and reunifying the opposing forces of yin
and yang, or the positive and negative forces of nature in the
Chinese mind, in order to achieve the unified consciousness of the Tao.
Taoists believe in the profundity of nature that, out of its
continuous cycle of change, tends always towards the most harmonious
outcome. All life is therefore subject to this cycle of change, pulled
between the interaction of opposite polar influences that are never wholly good
nor wholly bad but, instead, are complementary aspects of the same primordial
One: the Tao that manifests all existence. To oppose change or to
attempt to impose an artificial, man-made order on the natural way is thus to
oppose the very principle of existence.
Taoists have refined this principle into the practice of wu
wei - 'non action', or the path of least interference with the unfolding
nature. The Taoist sets out to attune his or her mind and body to the
natural order: to eat according to season, to take regular exercise, to
meditate, and to avoid stress by working with the course of events rather than
opposing them. Taoism is also call the 'Water Course Way' as, like a
stream following the contours of the land to meander around obstructions to the
sea, Taoists aim to react to situations in the most appropriate but least
strenuous manner, accommodating themselves to their surroundings to move
harmoniously with the flow of events.
This belief in the ultimate 'rightness' of nature encouraged a
passion that came to be expressed in the work of Taoist-inspired painters and
poets, and is rooted in their attachment to the richness of the Chinese
landscape. As poets and painters celebrated the Tao in their reflections
of the interaction of man and the natural world, so too did Taoist doctors,
acupuncturists and ch'i kung masters celebrate the Tao in the human
body. The emphasis on health and longevity is another major characteristic
of Taoism. Man, as a manifestation of Tao, holds within himself the spark
of the eternal universal energy, or ch'i. Through specific
exercises and meditation to promote health and a long life, Taoists hope that
they might, at last, understand how to become immortal. It is from this
religious context that Taoist alchemists, herbalists and doctors develop the
rich traditions of classical Chinese medicine and exercise that have become so
familiar in the West.
One of the reasons why Taoism is today reaching a wider and more
informed audience in the West is that it offers a comprehensive way of life,
which integrates practical concerns for health and harmonious living with the
spiritual quest. The concern for physical and mental health goes far
beyond the dietary laws of other faiths such as Judaism and Islam, and although
Christians may refer to the body as the 'temple of the Holy Spirit', so far they
have not thought to integrate callisthenics and breathing excersises into their
daily worship. While it might be viewed as a Christian duty to take care
of the body, the 'soul' remains 'other' - a separate entity that is undying and
will live independently of the body whatever we do. The Taoist gives no
such independence to the soul. The maintenance of a balanced, healthy mind
and body is not just an asset to spiritual peace. It is the primary means
to acquire such peace. Health and general well-being is therefore a
spiritual imperative and must be pursued with the same seriousness as
contemplative practice or religious observance.
Until recently, the West tended to see Taoism as a purely
Chinese thing, more associated with 'Kitchen Gods' and the Chinese New Year than
a profound spiritual tradition. After all, unlike other faiths followers
seemed to have little interest in bringing the message of the Tao to the world,
but rather served local Chinese communities. In part this perception was
true. Until the arrival of Western Christian missionaries, the Chinese had
no word for 'religion'. Taoism and its counterparts - Confucianism and
Buddhism - were part of the fabric of Chinese life. Spiritual practices
were as functional as buying food at the market or fetching water from a
well. They were 'ways' to follow that added to the quality of the
experience of daily life and contributed to finding harmony and spiritual
peace. Less awe-struck, less reverent perhaps, the Chinese viewed
'religion' from a more utilitarian perspective than their Western Christian
counterparts. In this way, it was and still is possible for the Chinese to
be Taoists, Buddhists and followers of Confucius all at the same time, turning
to whichever tradition seems to offer the best match to a specific need.
This more open, non-sectarian approach to faith and worship may
have been Taoism's gift to the Chinese religious character for, in the main, the
Chinese have maintained an open, pragmatic attitude in these matters that has
resisted the idea of one people, on faith. Rather than futilely opposing
its Buddhist and Confucian rivals, Taoism absorbed their messages and gave back
much of its own to both traditions. Without Taoism there would be no Zen
Buddhism, and Confucianism would have lost much of its heart and compassion.
Unlike many other philosophies or faith traditions, Taoism can
be approached through participation in the Taoist 'arts' of moving meditation
and harmonious living, such as tai ch'i, ch'i kung, and feng shui, without
the need to ever go near a Taoist temple. Lessons learnt by by the body
inform the mind and enlighten the soul. No other faith tradition seems to
offer such a practical approach to achieving the balance of body, mind and
spirit that is essential for living a long and contented life.
As more and more people in the West come to practice Taoism
unconsciously through their pursuit of the Taoist arts, it is likely that many
will be tempted to extract only what seems palatable from its philosophy.
Just as the Tao teaches, change is inevitable; this cannot be avoided and must
be viewed positively as part of that great melting pot of ideas and cultures
that is our present world. However, before we absorb, or extract, or
borrow, or make a declaration of belief, we must see Taoism in its context
within the development of Chinese religious culture as a whole. Obviously
with a history as long as China's this modest website cannot hope to describe in
detail all the figures, debates and circumstances that have featured in Taoism's
story. What this portion of the website hopes to offer is an examination
of the principles of Taoism both as a philosophy and as a religion, and an
account of the major landmarks in the development of both. Its intention
is to offer a clear explanation of the main tenets of the Taoist tradition and
whet your appetite to know more. From then on 'the way' leads wherever the
Tao may take you.